Ockham ends (chapter 18) by showing how all these fallacies err against the syllogism.Chapter 17 deals with the fallacy of many questions ( plures interrogationes ut unam facere)>.Chapter 16 deals with false cause ( non-causam ut causam).10 ence of language that we call logic brings forth for the followers of truth. 15Aristotle, Prior Analytics I, 1, 24b1618. The exact sense of the saying is not clear. William Ockham, are decidedly the greatest speculative minds of the middle ages. Chapter 15 deals with begging the question ( petitio principii). (1) The authority of many experts teaches what great fruits the sci-. 1) cite Raymond Lull, De venatione substantiae accidentis et compositi: Because logic is a difficult science, slippery and extensive I doubt that that is what Ockham was thinking of, but I can suggest nothing better. Soto (with his Summulae or Introductory Logic of 1529), Pedro da Fonseca.Chapter 14 deals with Ignoratio elenchi or irrelevant thesis.Chapter 13 deals with secundum quid et simpliciter.Chapter 12 deals with the fallacy of affirming the consequent. Chapter 11 deals with the fallacy of accident.Chapter 10 deals with the fallacy of 'figure of speech'.Brown, from the Franciscan Institute, was not yet available to me at the time of writing. The critical edition of the complete text, by Gedeon Gài and Stephen F. Chapter 9 deals with the fallacy of accent. Moody, The Logic of William of Ockham, (New York: Sheed & Ward, 1935). Short description: Textbook on logic (1323) by William of Ockham The Summa Logicae ('Sum of Logic') is a textbook on logic by William of Ockham.Chapter 8 deals with the fallacies of composition, and division.Chapters 5-7 deal with the three types of amphiboly.Chapters 2-4 deal with the three modes of equivocation.Part IV, in eighteen chapters, deals with the different species of fallacy enumerated by Aristotle in Sophistical Refutations ( De sophisticis elenchis). Chapters 38 to 45 deal with the Theory of obligationes.Similar accounts are given by Jean Buridan and Albert of Saxony. Ockham distinguishes between 'material' and 'formal' consequences, which are roughly equivalent to the modern material implication and logical implication respectively. A consequence is 'true' when the antecedent implies the consequent. For example, 'if a man runs, then God exists' ( Si homo currit, Deus est). Every generalization takes us one more step. According to Ockham a consequence is a conditional proposition, composed of two categorical propositions by the terms 'if' and 'then'. Thus, the guiding principle of nominalist logic is Ockhams famous razor: do not multiply universals needlessly. In Part III, Ockham deals with the definition and division of consequences, and provides a treatment of Aristotle's Topical rules. Ockham’s insistence on the primacy of logic and ontological economy, in which we now perceive the seeds of later developments, did land him in hot water. (one half the sum of the initial and final velocities) during that period. that Ockham had made logic itself greater than God these reactionaries disapproved of what they saw as Ockham’s arid and ultra-refined scholasticism5.
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